Book Review of People of the Three Fires Essay - 917 Words

Book Review of People of the Three Fires The book, People of the Three Fires, is written by three different people each describing a tribe in detail.The book is very well written and relatively easy to understand. It is informative and was written to be used as a teaching tool for schools. The book discusses the relationship between the groups that lived in Michigan and surrounding areas. James M. McClurken writes the first section, which deals with the Ottawa people. McClurken tells about the Ottawa peoples’ relationship with the environment they lived in and how they adapted to change when contacted by Europeans. One thing I found interesting about the Ottawa is their beliefs. The Ottawa believed in respect for the†¦show more content†¦This worries me somewhat because I think the house in which we live was part of the land given to the Ottawa in the Treaty of 1855. While I feel bad that the Ottawa were cheated out of their land, I don’t think I should have to give up my house to right a 150 year-old wrong. Dr. James A. Clifton wrote the Pottawatomi section of People of the Three Fires. Clifton discusses the same aspects of Potawatomi life as McClurken for the Ottawa. An interesting group of people the Potawatomi held a certain advantage as they moved south from northern Michigan. Because they were neighbors of the Chippewa and Ottawa they had the knowledge that tribes further south did not have. The Potawatomi knew how to build birch bark canoes so trade was far easier for them than for the Sauk or Fox. They thrived on the â€Å"Mexican Trinity† of beans corn and squash. They were also accomplished hunters and fishermen. In the beginning they were farmers but they soon became interested in the herds of buffalo that roamed the plains just south of them. Then no meal was complete without some red meat. A description that I took to heart was that on page 50 explaining the balancing act preformed by the leaders of the groups and the French. I can just imagine the s tress that the Wkama went through trying to please everyone at once. During the French and Indian War the Potawatomi made a great capture of many English horses. TradingShow MoreRelatedReview of Ray Bradburys Fahrenheit 451 Essay1496 Words   |  6 PagesReview of Ray Bradburys Fahrenheit 451 In Ray Bradburys novel Fahrenheit 451, the author utilizes the luxuries of life in America today, in addition to various occupations Read More Man and Nature in Norman Macleans book, Young Men and Fire Essay875 Words   |  4 PagesMan and Nature in Norman Macleans book, Young Men and Fire Norman Macleans book, Young Men and Fire, recreates the tragedy of the Mann Gulch fire. 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It emphasizes the importance of knowing your tactics, prior planning, and yourRead MoreCold War in the Eyes of Ray Bradbury1689 Words   |  7 Pagesas he stated in an interview with David Mogen in 1980. A dystopian society was a main theme in both books, but done in a compelling manner that makes the reader aware of Bradbury’s optimism in the stories. A society completely frightened by a nuclear bomb for example will inevitably become civil to one another. Bradbury used his life to formulate his writing, from his views of people, to the books he read, to his deep suspicion of the machines. . The final nuclear bombs that decimate the earth transformRead MoreBook Review of Triangle: The Fire That Changed America1473 Words   |  6 PagesTriangle: The Fire That Changed America New York: First Grove Press David Von Drehle 2003 Book Review 1. Did the author make a complete and honest analysis of the topic? This book is about the fire at the Triangle Shirtwaist Factory in New York City in March, 1911. The factory claimed the lives of 146 women and men, mostly young women, during the 30 minutes that the fire blazed. It is still the largest industrial disaster that has ever happened in New York City. The author of the book writes moreRead MoreFields of Fire Book Review Essay1264 Words   |  6 PagesTyler Yancey American History, Period 1 Fields of Fire 2013 February 22 Review of Fields of Fire Fields of Fire by James Webb is a historical novel first published in 1978 that takes place in the year 1969 during the Vietnam War. Although there are many characters that are significant to the story, the novel focuses mainly on three marines who find themselves in a platoon with each other; Robert E. Lee Hodges, â€Å"Snake,† and Will â€Å"Senator† Goodrich. Webb gives the reader a great, detailed backgroundRead MoreDisasters And Democracy By Rutherford H. 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In addition, I will analyze Timothy Ward’s book Words of Life and Dr. Francis Martin’s contribution to Carl, Scott ed. Verbum Domini and the Complimentarity of

Character Analysis Mama Nadi From Nottages Ruined

The atrocities of modern-day Africa come to life on stage in Lynn Nottages Ruined. Set in war-torn Congo, this play explores the stories of women trying to survive after and during brutal experiences. It is a moving story that was inspired by the true accounts of women who survived such cruelty. The Inspiration for Nottages Ruined Playwright Lynn Nottage set out to write an adaptation of Berthold Brechts Mother Courage and Her Children  that would take place in the war-ravaged nation, the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Nottage and director Kate Whoriskey traveled to Uganda to visit a refugee camp where thousands of men, women, and children hoped to avoid the atrocities of the barbaric government and the equally cruel rebel militants. It was there that Nottage and Whoriskey listened as dozens of refugee women shared their stories of pain and survival. The women recounted unimaginable suffering and nightmarish acts of violence and rape. After gathering hours upon hours of interview material, Nottage realized that she would not be writing a re-invention of Brechts play. She would create her own structure, one that would incorporate the heart-wrenching narratives of the women she met in Africa. The result is a play called Ruined, a tragic-yet-beautiful drama about holding onto hope while living through hell. The Setting of Ruined Ruined is set in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, probably sometime between 2001 and 2007. During this time (and still today), the Congo was a place of territorial violence and immeasurable suffering. The entire play takes place in the slipshod bar with makeshift furniture and a run-down pool table. The bar caters to miners, traveling salesmen, military men, and rebel fighters (though not usually all at the same time). The bar provides its guests  with drinks and food, but it also functions as a brothel. Mama Nadi is the shrewd owner of the bar. As many as ten young women work for her. They have chosen a life of prostitution because, for most, it seems to be their only chance of survival. The Roots of Mama Nadi Mama Nadi and the other female characters of Ruined are based upon the experiences of real women from the DRC (The  Democratic Republic of the Congo). During her visit to the African refugee camps, Nottage collected interview material and one of the women was named Mama Nadi Zabibu: she is one of fourteen women who  receive thanks in Nottages acknowledgment section. According to Nottage, all of the women she interviewed were raped. Most were raped by multiple men. Some of the women helplessly watched as their children were murdered in front of them. Sadly, this is the world which Mama Nadi and the other characters of Ruined have known.   Mama Nadis Personality Mama Nadi is described as an attractive woman in her early forties with an arrogant stride and majestic air (Nottage 5). She has etched out a profitable business in a hellish environment. Above all things, she has learned duplicity. When the military enters the bar, Mama Nadi is loyal to the government. When the rebels arrive the following day, she is devoted to the revolution. She agrees with whoever is offering cash. She has survived by being charming, accommodating, and serving anyone, whether honorable or evil. At the beginning of the play, it is easy to vilify her. After all, Mama Nadi is part of a modern-day slave trade. She buys girls from a friendly traveling salesmen. She offers them food, shelter, and in exchange, they must prostitute themselves to the local miners and soldiers. But we soon sense that Mama Nadi harbors compassion, even if she attempts to bury her altruism. Mama Nadi and Sophie Mama Nadi is most altruistic when it comes to a young woman named Sophie, a beautiful, quiet girl. Sophie has been ruined. Basically, she has been raped and assaulted in such a brutal manner that she can no longer have children. According to the local belief systems, men would no longer be interested in her as a wife. When Mama Nadi learns of this, perhaps realizing the injustice of not just the attack but the way society rejects women who are ruined, Mama Nadi does not shun her. She allows her to live with the other women. Instead of prostituting herself, Sophie sings at the bar and helps out with the accounting. Why does Mama Nadi have such empathy for Sophie? Because she has experienced the same brutality. Mama Nadi has been ruined as well. Mama Nadi and the Diamond Among her many little treasures and wads of cash, Mama Nadi possesses a small but precious stone, a raw diamond. The stone does not look impressive, but if she sold the gem, Mama Nadi could live well for a very long time. (Which makes the reader wonder why she stays in a makeshift bar in the Congo during a civil war.) During the middle of the play, Mama Nadi discovers that Sophie has been stealing from her. Rather than being angry, she is impressed by the girls audacity. Sophie explains that she was hoping to pay for an operation that would mend her ruined condition. Sophies goal obviously touches Mama Nadi (although the stern woman doesnt show her feelings initially). During Act Three, when the gunfire and explosions are getting closer and closer, Mama Nadi gives the diamond to Mr. Hatari, a Lebanese merchant. She tells Hatari to escape with Sophie, sell the diamond, and make sure that Sophie receives her operation. Mama Nadi gives up all of her wealth in order to give Sophie a new beginning.

The Case Of Fisher V. University Of Texas At Austin Essay

Writing in opinion of the court in the case of Fisher V. University of Texas at Austin (II). This case had been previously heard by the Supreme Court resulting in a 7-1 decision that explained the University had no grounds to apply any preference to racial minorities in the application or the acceptance process. The case was reopened at both the fifth circuit court and the Supreme Court. There will be seven justices presiding over this case, with the death of Justice Antonin Scalia and Justice Elena Kagan recusing herself. The question of making admission decisions on the basis of race had been debated before in the Supreme Court, in the case of Grutter v. Bollinger. The University of Michigan Law School had denied the admission of Barbara Grutter, a white female. The Law School admits that it uses race as a factor in making admissions decisions because it serves a compelling interest in achieving diversity among its student body. The court ruled in favor of the University of Michigan, because no single factor eliminated a certain applicant from being denied admission and race was seen as a factor that would help diversity in the law school. This case was referred to in the discussion phase of this hearing. In the case, the plaintiff accused UT at Austin of racially discriminating against her in the application and acceptance process. Under the first application procedure that lasted up until 1997, two factors were taken into consideration, the applicant’s performance inShow MoreRelatedCivil Rights And The Bill Of Rights Essay1280 Words   |  6 Pagesa luxury that all countries do not have and are not given to them. In America the people have the Constitution and the Bill of Rights that enumerate their inalienable rights. In the State of Texas there is also a constitution and a Bill of Rights for the people. One of the most important rights in the Texas Bill of Rights in the constitution is Article 1 Section 3 and 3a titled Equality and Equality Under the Law. There are differences between civil rights and civil liberties. According to WebsterRead MoreConsideration Of Race For College Admissions Process : Fisher V. Texas901 Words   |  4 Pagesprocess – Fisher v. Texas FACTS Abigail Fisher, a Caucasian Texas resident, applied for admission to the University of Texas at Austin. She applied for the entering class of fall 2008. The University rejected her application. Fisher graduated from another university in May 2012. In 1997, Texas passed the Top Ten Percent Plan into law. The law guarantees admission to Texas residents that graduate in the top ten percent of their high school class. The plan took up 81% of the seats available for Texas residentsRead MoreThe Study of Affirmative Action Essay1400 Words   |  6 PagesThe Study of the Supreme Court Cases Regarding Affirmative Action The history of majority rights in the United States goes all the way back to the creation of the United States constitution. Although barely acknowledged at the time, it has become the contemporary issue of the United States starting with the Civil War. To this day civil rights are still being fought for and discrimination still occurs all over the United States; however, affirmative action is one of the main victories minoritiesRead MoreAffirmative Action : The Act Of Letting Someone Acquires Education And Job Opportunities1046 Words   |  5 Pagesletting someone acquires education and job opportunities because they were unable to do so before due to race, ethnicity, etc. Everyone came to the United States to learn and increase their education; however, due to the complications that some universities and schools enforce, how can they? America took years and years to convince that affirmative action is the best way for everyone to have the privilege to learn, regardless of race, ethnicity, or color. The baffling factor of how difficult the minoritiesRead MoreTexas House Bill 588 : An Impact On The State s Culture, Economy, Geography, And Education Essay1660 Words   |  7 Pageshistory of the United States, Texas is one of the few states that demonstrated three-way segregation including white, black, and Latinos communities. Generally, segregation influenced all dimensions of the society. In specific, former segregation in Texas has left an immeasurable impact on the state’s culture, economy, geography, and education. Despite the fact that institutional desegregation occurred decades ago, segregation of minorities still exists in modern Texas. In particular, the contemporaryRead MoreEssay On Affirmative Action1556 Words   |  7 Pagesnecessary to attend a certain university of choice. Admissions councils from colleges all over the country have started overlooking qualified sometimes even exceptional applicants to their universities so they could a llow room for a person who would make their campus more diverse and so they could be looked upon as a very inclusive institution. Throughout this paper I will discuss the impacts that affirmative action has had on colleges over recent decades as universities race to be recognized as theRead MoreThe Issue Of Affirmative Action950 Words   |  4 Pagesbenefits places of higher education and companies not discriminate against females and minorities. A significant, amount of court cases have been brought up to the Supreme Court dealing with affirmative action. One important court case that deals with affirmative action is the court case of Schuette v. Coalition to Defend Affirmative Action In the court case, Schuette v. Coalition to Defend Affirmative Action the question arouse, does a state have the constitutional right of prohibiting affirmativeRead MoreThe Constitutionality Of Redressing Historic Injustice Essay1484 Words   |  6 PagesAmericans, Hispanics, and other minorities, universities and employers across the nation have taken race into account when admitting students or hiring employees. Abigail Fisher, of Texas, applied for admission into the University of Texas at Austin (UT) and was denied; she sued the public university on the grounds of racial discrimination or reverse racism in the supreme court case Fisher v University of Texas. Abigail Fisher is a white female from Sugarland, Texas. Both her father and her older sisterRead MoreLegal Issues Of Affirmative Action1528 Words   |  7 Pagesquotas as a description of corrective measure. Since universities began prioritizing creating a diverse student population, there have been legal issues raised as to what is effective yet still follows the law. In the case University of California v. Bakke in 1978, the Supreme Court directly impacted the way in which universities handle affirmative action in admissions (Aguirre Jr. Martinez, 2003). The Supreme Court ruled that the University of California was wrong in the way they approached aRead MoreAffirmative Action : Fisher V The University Of Texas Essay1863 Words   |  8 PagesAction: Fisher v The University of Texas Affirmative Action. For many Texas high school students, these two words haunt them. Their future, or at least their future at the University of Texas, depends on these words. For Abigail Noel Fisher, a 2008 graduate from Sugar Land, Texas, affirmative action and its race bias policies allegedly ruined her chances of getting into this prestigious state university. Fisher argues that race should not be a factor in college admissions processes, Fisher argues

Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System - 863 Words

Living in the United States as an international student, one of the notable things for me was the remarkable number of obese people or I’d rather say people above average weight. Counted among the people above average weight back home, I was surprised when people considered me slim here. I came to a conclusion that the concept of relativity is to blame for this. This thing clearly suggests the growing problem of obesity in the United States which I have been able to observe first handedly for quite a long time now. Not only my personal observation and experience, but even the statistics show that the problem of obesity in the United States is at an alarming state. Among the respondents in Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) conducted by CDC, 28.1% were obese. State specific obesity ranged from 20.5% in Colorado to 34.7% in Louisiana. While some people might blame their genes for obesity, I believe that lifestyle is the main cause of obesity. With the advancement of technology, people have become far too sophisticated, mainly in the developed country. And that counts for the fact that obesity is prevalent mostly among the developed countries including the United States of course. For instance, most of the families including mine in Nepal do not own a washing machine. So, the effort that people put on washing their own clothes instead of just throwing them into a machine and pushing a button actually helps to burn some calories. Also, everyone does notShow MoreRelatedBehavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System2867 Words   |  12 PagesI. Background The Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System or BRFSS is a health survey conducted in the United States. This system uses this health surveys to look at behavioral risk factors within the United States (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2013). The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention is in charged of the BRFSS. The individual state health departments in the United States also conduct the BRFSS. The health surveys are conducted by telephone. It is considered the world’sRead MoreThe Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System Essay1567 Words   |  7 Pagesmajor method that will be used will be the statistics taken from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) provided by the NC department of health. Also, data will be used for the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation and the Trust for America’s Health study, done for the year 2015. Both of these will give pertinent data on what factors may increase obesity over the target population. While the method of this surveillance may use the BRFSS, there can be many more other methods that can be usedRead MoreBehavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System And Child Health1840 Words   |  8 Pagesthe most predominant behavioral health issues in the local community, as well as the approach in which the organizations are to work together to address those behavioral health issues in the local community. The Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment (CDPHE) used the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System and Child Health Survey in order to determine information in regards to those residents that are 18 and older. The Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System and Child Health SurveyRead MorePublic Health Authorities Need to Conduct Public Health Surveillance1590 Words   |  6 Pages1 Assignment Please answer below two questions, using an essay format. Question 1 - Using HIV/AIDS as an example to discuss why public health authorities need to conduct public health surveillance and to describe how surveillance system is managed in Australia (9 marks) (Up to 800 words) Public health surveillance is defined as the ongoing systematic collection, collation, analysis and interpretation of outcome-specific data for public health purposes, closely integrated with the timely disseminationRead MoreUnderestimated Due With An Inadequate Surveillance System1683 Words   |  7 Pagesunderestimated due to an inadequate surveillance system. Though this was partially a result of basic failures of the surveillance system (such as a lack of timely reporting and a lack of laboratory confirmation or serotyping), it was also due to a lack of economic interest. In the 1990s, increases in tourism (driven by cruise ship lines, etc.) stimulated interest in identifying and preventing outbreaks, which could be bad publicity and thus economically devastating. Likewise, although Ebola hemorrhagicRead MoreSymptoms And Treatment Of Depression820 Words   |  4 PagesAlthough older adults are at increased risk of depression, it is not a normal part of aging (Centers for Diseas e Control and Prevention [CDC], 2015; Mental Health Association, 2016). Depression is among the leading causes of disability in the general adult population, ages 18 years and above (US Preventative Services Taskforce [USPST], 2016). The US Preventative Services Taskforce recommends that all adult patients be screened for depression (USPST, 2016). Approximately 6% of older adults, ages 65Read MoreMexico Border Essay1661 Words   |  7 Pagesinclude current health issues and accessibility of care for the people living along the US – Mexico border. This study will include infectious diseases, substance abuse as well as issues facing women and children. The combination of many social factors including increased poverty and drug use, limited healthcare and low self-efficacy are all impacting the rates of disease and are now past levels currently being experienced by other areas of both countries3. Border health issues are often difficultRead MoreCurrent Marketing Plan Essay930 Words   |  4 Pagesmoney can we save. Another tool I would use is the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) to help measure engagement. After all the marketing tools have been implemented and the intended population has been reached, I would use a surveillance system to help monitor various factors over an extended amount of time (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services [HHS], Center for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC] ,2011). These factors would be how many men are going to get their prostatesRead MoreHiv / Aids : A Global Health System1606 Words   |  7 Pagesglobal health system Rita K. Asiedu Rutgers University Abstract Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/AIDS is a pandemic problem affecting global health. At the end of 2015, 36.7 million people were living with HIV/AIDS globally. The rate of incidence is more prevalent in Sub-Saharan Africa with almost 1 in every 24 adults living with HIV/AIDS. In the united states, HIV/AIDS is a diversified health problem affecting all sexes, ages and races and involving the transmission of multiple risk behavior. HoweverRead MoreEffective Supervision Probation : How Effective Is It?1309 Words   |  6 Pages incapacitation, and retribution (Tonry, 1990). The most common intermediate sanction created to divert offenders from the correctional system is Intensive Supervision Probation also known as ISP. Although ISPs originally sought out to provide an alternative to the correctional system, ISPs were also meant to maintain a high degree of control and surveillance in the community (Fulton, Latessa, Stichman, Travis, 1997). Intensive supervision probation was implemented in the 1950s. The original

Dos Attack Mitigation Free Essays

DDOS Attack and its Mitigation – Simulation in GNS3 Summary: A private LAN network comprising of hundreds of end devices and several servers in DMZ is protected by Cisco ASA (Firewall). In the internet the most commonly found network attack is to take down enterprise resources by DDOS(Distributed Denial of Service) attack either on Servers(which will impact hundreds of end users) or on the network resources like routers itself. In this practical simulation we will analyse how a DOS attack happens on web server placed in DMZ from the internet via traffic flooding, and how we can fine tune ASA to mitigate and stop further attacks on the network. We will write a custom essay sample on Dos Attack Mitigation or any similar topic only for you Order Now Devices used: a) b) c) d) e) Attacker PC – Windows XP – Service Pack3 Web server (Simulated in GNS3) ASA Version 8. 4 (Simulated in GNS3) Cisco Router – 3750 (Simulated in GNS3) Ethernet Switch (Simulated in GNS3) Software used: a) Wireshark (version – 1. 6. 8) b) GNS3 (Version – 0. 8. 3. 1) c) Net tools (Version – 5. 0. ) Step 1: Install Windows XP (SP3) on a virtual machine, (in this case we have used Oracle’s virtual box). This step is to make sure that the system may not get infected with the virus which comes packed with hacking and network monitoring tools. Furthermore, as we are using a virtual operating system, we will be sure that, our actual working pc may not be affected with our experiments. https://www. elance. com/s/feroz_sm/ https://www. odesk. com/users/~013128626566145b05 Page 1 Image 1: The Oracle virtual box manager showing windows XP(SP3) Step 2: Install GNS3 (Graphical Network Simulator) inside the virtual XP. Image 2: Image of GNS3 installed and running on virtual XP In the above image, the circle shows the virtual network appliances, i. e. routers, switches, bridges, firewall and IPS/IDS are available for simulation using GNS3. In most cases GNS3 comes with Putty, Wireshark bundled. In case if GNS3 doesn’t have Wireshark, we have to install Wireshark on the virtual XP machine too. https://www. elance. com/s/feroz_sm/ https://www. odesk. com/users/~013128626566145b05 Page 2 Image 3: This image represents the Wireshark software, installed and running on virtual XP. Step 3: Install Net Tools (Network monitoring Hacking Tool) in the same virtual XP machine. This tool can be used to monitor Network activities and can be used as a potential hacking tool. In this simulation we will use this tool to flood the server with icmp packets, which will lead to a DOS attack on the server. Image 4: This represents the Net Tools, which is installed and running on Virtual XP. Step 4: Now, we will setup the devices required to simulate a DOS attack, in the GNS3 software. a) Setup a Microsoft loopback adapter in Windows XP and assign a public IP address to this. This virtual XP will act as the attacker PC from the internet. b) To create a loopback adapter, the first step is to go to command prompt and type the command â€Å"hdwwiz. exe†, this is the shortest way to add a new hardware. https://www. elance. com/s/feroz_sm/ https://www. odesk. com/users/~013128626566145b05 Page 3 c) Now the â€Å"Add new hardware† wizard will come up and select the second option which says, â€Å"Install the hardware manually†, as shown in the above image. d) On the next screen, please select â€Å"Network Adapters†, from the hardware list, as shown in the above image. ttps://www. elance. com/s/feroz_sm/ https://www. odesk. com/users/~013128626566145b05 Page 4 e) On the next screen, please select â€Å"Microsoft† from the vendor list and â€Å"Microsoft Loopback Adapter† from the Network adapter list as shown in the above image. f) Now Microsoft loopback adapter is added to windows XP, and this can be viewed under Netwo rk Connections in Control panel, as seen in the below image. g) Next step is to configure an ip address to this loopback adapter, so that this adapter can be connected to one of the routers in the simulated internet cloud in GNS3. At this point we have to make sure that the Loopback adapter’s ip address should be something in the public IP range and the interface of the router which is pointing towards the internet should be in the â€Å"same†, public IP range. h) Let us configure the loopback adapter’s ip address as 20. 1. 1. 100/24, and set the default gateway as 20. 1. 1. 1 as shown in the below image. https://www. elance. com/s/feroz_sm/ https://www. odesk. com/users/~013128626566145b05 Page 5 i) The above configuration means that the virtual XP can also be access by the ip address 20. 1. 1. 100 and the default gateway i. . router’s interface which is connecting to the switch has an ip address of 20. 1. 1. 1. j) In the next step, we are going to create a topology, through which we can simulate the DOS attack, after we create the topology, we have to connect our virtual XP to the topology, which actually represents the internet cloud, a server placed in the DMZ of a corporate (in actual configuration it is placed in Inside zone) and the attacker PC in the internet (i. e. the virtual XP). Between the internet(outside) and the Corporate LAN, we have placed an ASA(Adaptive security Appliance) version 8. , which is has all the functionalities of a firewall and features like NAT, Routing, VPN, AAA services etc. hence it is called UTM(Unified Threat Management) device. The topology which we are going to use for the DOS simulation is in the below image. https://www. elance. com/s/feroz_sm/ https://www. odesk. com/users/~013128626566145b05 Page 6 Configuration: a) Web Server – IP address: 10. 1. 1. 100/24 Zone: Inside Device: Router c7200 used as a web server. Running configuration of this device : version 12. 2 interface FastEthernet0/0 ip address 10. 1. 1. 100 255. 255. 255. speed auto duplex auto ip http server no ip http secure-server ip route 0. 0. 0. 0 0. 0. 0. 0 10. 1. 1. 1 b) Firewall – IP address : https://www. elance. com/s/feroz_sm/ https:/ /www. odesk. com/users/~013128626566145b05 Page 7 Inside zone interface – 10. 1. 1. 1 (which acts as gateway for LAN users) Outside zone interface – 1. 1. 1. 1 Access-lists: Configuration before DOS security on firewall ASA Version 8. 4(2) ! hostname ciscoasa enable password 8Ry2YjIyt7RRXU24 encrypted passwd 2KFQnbNIdI. 2KYOU encrypted names ! interface GigabitEthernet0 nameif outside security-level 0 ip address 1. 1. . 1 255. 255. 255. 0 ! interface GigabitEthernet1 nameif inside security-level 100 ip address 10. 1. 1. 1 255. 255. 255. 0 access-list out-in extended permit icmp any any access-group out-in in interface outside route outside 0. 0. 0. 0 0. 0. 0. 0 1. 1. 1. 2 1 c) Gateway router for attacker PC: Ip address – Interface towards firewall – 1. 1. 1. 2/24 Interface towards attacker PC – 20. 1. 1. 1/24 Configuration – https://www. elance. com/s/feroz_sm/ https://www. odesk. com/users/~013128626566145b05 Page 8 interface FastEthernet0/ 0 ip address 1. 1. 1. 2 255. 255. 255. 0 duplex auto speed auto ! nterface FastEthernet0/1 ip address 20. 1. 1. 1 255. 255. 255. 0 duplex auto speed auto ! ip forward-protocol nd ip route 10. 1. 1. 0 255. 255. 255. 0 1. 1. 1. 1 no ip http server no ip http secure-server Attacker PC: Ip address – 20. 1. 1. 100/24 Operating system – Windows XP – SP3 Location – Internet Connectivity Tests: Now that we have all the devices setup and connected, we should test whether the attacker PC can actually reach the web server, after all if there is no reachability, the DOS attack is not possible. We can find this using a simple and trace route test, as shown in the below images. https://www. lance. com/s/feroz_sm/ https://www. odesk. com/users/~013128626566145b05 Page 9 https://www. elance. com/s/feroz_sm/ https://www. odesk. com/users/~013128626566145b05 Page 10 By the above images, we can find that, the attacker pc has access network reachability to the webserver from the internet. Launch of the attack on webserver using Net tools: In our simulation task we use Net tools 5, which is a network monitoring tool and a hacking tool as well. In the first step, we will check whether the Net tools is able to ping the webserver, by going into network tools - ping option, as shown in the below image. ttps://www. elance. com/s/feroz_sm/ https://www. odesk. com/users/~013128626566145b05 Page 11 We can verify that the software is able to send successful ICMP packets to the web server. This is possible, as we have opened an access control list (ACL) in the firewall which allows any ICMP packets from the internet to the LAN or DMZ. We will analyse what is happening during the Ping, at the packet level using Wireshark. As we can see, four ICMP packets have been sent from the source 20. 1. 1. 100 to destination 10. 1. 1. 100(web server) and the ping is successful. We can also observe that all the 4 packets we sent and received from the internet to the web server in 2 seconds. In the next step we are actually going to deliver the DOS attack on the server, without enabling DOS security on the firewall. To create the DOS attack, first we need to go to Network tools and Http flooder (DOS) in the NetTools, as shown in the below image. https://www. elance. com/s/feroz_sm/ https://www. odesk. com/users/~013128626566145b05 Page 12 In our case we need to give 10. 1. 1. 100 as the Ip to flood instead of 127. 0. 0. 1. As soon as we hit the start button, the web server is under DOS attack as seen in the below wireshark analysis. https://www. elance. com/s/feroz_sm/ https://www. odesk. com/users/~013128626566145b05 Page 13 As we can observe that hundreds of syn packets from the source 20. 1. 1. 100 are flooded to destination 10. 1. 1. 100 in less than â€Å"one† second. The below image from Cisco’s website, clearly elaborates, what happens in a typical syn flood attack, which represents the above Wireshark capture. The description of each packet says it is a â€Å"SYN† packet, that means it is a half open connection, without the TCP 3 way handshake. With these SYN packets, a certain amount of buffer is allocated for each SYN packet and in less than a minute all the server resources are allocated to these half open connections and the servers failed to respond to genuine queries, stating that it us under Denial Of Service (DOS) attack. https://www. elance. com/s/feroz_sm/ https://www. odesk. com/users/~013128626566145b05 Page 14 Mitigation techniques: As we have already discussed, a Cisco ASA firewall can be very helpful in mitigating and stopping DOS attacks on LAN or DMZ servers. The above image from Cisco’s website, describes how ASA firewall stop syn flood attacks can. In this process we will limit the number of â€Å"embryonic† or â€Å"half open connections† a client can have. If the embryonic connection limit is reached, then the security appliance responds to every SYN packet sent to the server with a SYN+ACK, and does not pass the SYN packet to the internal server. If the external device responds with an ACK packet, then the security appliance knows it is a valid request (and not part of a potential SYN attack). The security appliance then establishes a connection with the server and joins the connections together. If the security appliance does not get an ACK back from the server, it aggressively times out that embryonic connection. In this scenario we have used Modular Policy Frame work, which limits number of half open connections to the server and thus stops DOS attack. We have used the below configuration in the Firewall to stop half open connections, which will have a maximum of â€Å"100† open connections, a maximum of â€Å"200† embryonic connections, and a maximum of â€Å"10† embryonic connections from a particular client (identified by an IP address). Furthermore we have set connection timeout timer for a normal connection as 2 hours, timeout for embryonic connections as â€Å"45† seconds and â€Å"25† minutes for a half closed connection. Firewall(config)#class-map tcp_syn Firewall(config-cmap)#match port tcp eq 80 Firewall(config-cmap)#exit Firewall(config)#policy-map tcpmap https://www. elance. com/s/feroz_sm/ https://www. odesk. com/users/~013128626566145b05 Page 15 Firewall(config-pmap)#class tcp_syn Firewall(config-pmap-c)#set connection conn-max 100 Firewall(config-pmap-c)#set connection embryonic-conn-max 200 Firewall(config-pmap-c)#set connection per-client-embryonic-max 10 Firewall(config-pmap-c)#set connection per-client-max 5 Firewall(config-pmap-c)#set connection random-sequence-number enable Firewall(config-pmap-c)#set connection timeout embryonic 0:0:45 Firewall(config-pmap-c)#set connection timeout half-closed 0:25:0 Firewall(config-pmap-c)#set connection timeout tcp 2:0:0 Firewall(config-pmap-c)#exit Firewall(config-pmap)#exit Firewall(config)#service-policy tcpmap global Now we will run a DOS attack on the server after the security is enabled and check what will be Wireshark output. The below image shows that the attacker PC is still able to ping the web server, after we have enabled DOS security, but it is able to ping because, this is a normal ping. https://www. elance. com/s/feroz_sm/ https://www. odesk. com/users/~0131286265661 45b05 Page 16 The above image represents the wireshark capture between the Internet router and the firewall, which clearly shows that syn flood attack is happening from source 20. 1. 1. 100 to destination 10. 1. 1. 100, and we can see hundreds of packets flooding 10. 1. 1. 100 in less than a second. At the same time the above image shows the wireshark capture between the firewall and web server, which clearly explains that all the syn-flood packets have been dropped by the firewall as soon as they reach it. At the same time we can obser ve normal ping packets which came from the attacker pc which have been passed by the firewall. https://www. elance. com/s/feroz_sm/ https://www. odesk. com/users/~013128626566145b05 Page 17 Inference: The above simulation experiment shows that the firewall before the corporate network has stopped one of the most common attacks over servers, i. e. the DOS attack, using Modular Policy Frame work, which can be used to define intersting traffic and the actions to be taken on that traffic. https://www. elance. com/s/feroz_sm/ https://www. odesk. com/users/~013128626566145b05 Page 18 How to cite Dos Attack Mitigation, Papers

Its Time for Voluntary Euthanasia and Assisted Su Essay Example For Students

Its Time for Voluntary Euthanasia and Assisted Su Essay icide euthanasia argumentative persuasive essaysAmerica Needs Voluntary Euthanasia There are at least two forms of suicide. One is emotional suicide, or irrational self-murder in all of it complexities and sadness. Let me emphasis at once that my view of this tragic form of self-destruction is the same as that of the suicide intervention movement and the rest of society, which is to prevent it wherever possible. I do not support any form of suicide for mental health or emotional reasons. But I do say that there is a second form of suicide justifiable suicide, that is, rational and planned self-deliverance from a painful and hopeless disease which will shortly end in death. I dont think the word suicide sits well in this context but we are stuck with it. Many have tried to popularize the term self-deliverance but it is an uphill battle because the news media is in love with the words assisted suicide. Also, we have to face the fact that the law calls all forms of self-destruction suicide. Let me point out here for those who might not know it that suicide is no longer a crime anywhere in the English-speaking world. (It used to be, and was punishable by giving all the dead persons money and goods to the government.) Attempted suicide is no longer a crime, although under health laws a person can in most states be forcibly placed in a psychiatric hospital for three days for evaluation. But giving assistance in suicide remains a crime, except in the Netherlands in recent times under certain conditions, and it has never been a crime in Switzerland, Germany, Norway and Uruguay. The rest of the world punishes assistance in suicide for both the mentally ill and the terminally ill, although the state of Oregon recently (Nov. l994) passed by ballot Measure 16 a limited physician-assisted suicide law. At present (Feb. l995) this is held up in the law courts. Even if a hopelessly ill person is requesting assistance in dying for the most compassionate reasons, and the helper is acting from the most noble of motives, it remains a crime in the Anglo-American world. Punishments range from fines to fourteen years in prison. It is this catch- all prohibition which I and others wish to change. In a caring society, under the rule of law, we claim that there must be exceptions. ORIGIN OF THE WORD The word euthanasia comes from the Greek eu, good, and thanatos, death. Literally, good death. But the word euthanasia has acquired a more complex meaning in modern times. It is generally taken nowadays to mean doing something about achieving a good death. Suicide, self-deliverance, auto-euthanasia, aid-in-dying, assisted suicide call it what you like can be justified by the average supporter of the so-called right to die movement for the following reasons: Advanced terminal illness that is causing unbearable suffering to the individual. This is the most common reason to seek an early end. Grave physical handicap which is so restricting that the individual cannot, even after due consideration, counseling and re-training, tolerate such a limited existence. This is a fairly rare reason for suicide most impaired people cope remarkably well with their affliction but there are some who would, at a certain point, rather die. What are the ethical parameters for euthanasia? The person is a mature adult. This is essential. The exact age will depend on the individual but the person should not be a minor who come under quite different laws. The person has clearly made a considered decision. An individual has the ability nowadays to indicate this with a Living Will (which applies only to disconnection of life supports) and can also, in todays more open and tolerant climate about such actions, freely discuss the option of euthanasia with health professionals, family, lawyers, etc. The euthanasia has not been carried out at the first knowledge of a life-threatening illness, and reasonable medical help has been sought to cure or at least slow down the terminal disease. I do not believe in giving up life the minute a person is informed that he or she has a terminal illness. (This is a common misconception spread by our critics.) Life is precious, you only pass this way once, and is worth a fight. It is when the fight is clearly hopeless and the agony, physical and mental, is unbearable that a final exit is an option. DOCTOR AS FRIEND The treating physician has been informed, asked to be involved, and his or her response been taken into account. What the physicians response will be depends on the circumstances, of course, but we advise people that as rational suicide is not a crime, there is nothing a doctor can do about it. But it is best to inform the doctor and hear his or her response. For example, the patient might be mistaken perhaps the diagnosis has been misheard or misunderstood. It used to be that patients raising this subject were met with a discreet silence, or meaningless remarks, but in toda ys more accepting climate most physicians will discuss potential end of life actions. The person has made a Will disposing of his or her worldly effects and money. This shows evidence of a tidy mind, an orderly life, and forethought all something which is paramount to an acceptance of rational suicide. The person has made plans to exit that do not involve others in criminal liability or leave them with guilt feelings. As I have mentioned earlier, assistance in suicide is a crime in most places, although the laws are gradually changing, and very few cases ever came before the courts. But care must still be taken and discretion is the watchword. The person leaves a note saying exactly why he or she is taking their life. This statement in writing obviates the chance of subsequent misunderstandings or blame. It also demonstrates that the departing person is taking full responsibility for the action. NOT ALWAYS NOTICED A great many cases of self-deliverance or assisted suicide, using drugs and/or a plastic bag, go undetected by doctors, especially now that autopsies are the exception rather than the rule (only 10 percent, and only when there is a mystery about the cause of death). Also, if a doctor asked for a death certificate knows that the patient was in advanced terminal illness then he is not going to be too concerned about the precise cause of death. It hardly matters. I find that police, paramedics and coroners put a very low priority of investigation of suicide when evidence comes before them that the person was dying anyway, and there is a note from the deceased. Detectives and coroners officers will walk away from the scene once they are satisfied that the person who committed suicide was terminally ill. But, having considered the logic in favor of auto-euthanasia, the person should also contemplate the arguments against it. First, should the person go instead into a hospice program and receive not only first-class pain management but comf ort care and personal attention? Put bluntly, hospices make the best of a bad job, and they do so with great skill and love. The right-to-die movement supports their work. But not everyone wants a lingering death, not everyone wants that form of care. Today many terminally ill people take the marvellous benefits of home hospice programs and still accelerate the end when suffering becomes too much. A few hospice leaders claim that their care is so perfect that there is absolutely no need for anyone to consider euthanasia. While I have no wish to criticize them, they are wrong to claim perfection. Most, but not all, terminal pain can today be controlled with the sophisticated use of drugs, but the point these leaders miss is that personal quality of life is vital to some people. If ones body has been so destroyed by disease that it is not worth living, that is an intensely individual decision which should not be thwarted. In some cases of the final days in hospice care, when the pai n is very serious, the patient is drugged into unconsciousness. If that way is acceptable to the patient, fine. But some people do not wish their final hours to be in that fashion. There should be no conflict between hospice and euthanasia both are valid options in a caring society. Both are appropriate to different people with differing values. RELIGION The other consideration is theological: does suffering ennoble? Is suffering, and relating to Jesus Christs suffering on the cross, a part of preparation for meeting God? Are you merely a steward of your life, which is a gift from God, which only He may take away. My response is this: if your answers to these questions is yes, then you should not be involved in any form of euthanasia. But remember that there are millions of atheists and agnostics, as well as people of varieties of religions, degrees of spiritual beliefs, and they all have rights, too. Many Christians who believe in euthanasia justify it by reasoning that the God whom they worship is loving and tolerant, and would not wish to see them in agony. They do not see their God as being so vengeful as refusing them the Kingdom of Heaven if they accelerated the end of their life to avoid prolonged, unbearable suffering. Another consideration must be that, by checking out before the Grim Reaper calls, is one is depriving oneself of a valuable period of good life? Is that last period of love and companionship with family and friends worth hanging on for? The argument that this is so is heavily used by our critics. But after my in depth research, and being aware of many hundreds of self-deliverances, I can attest that even the most determined supporters of euthanasia hang on until the last minute sometimes too long, and lose control. They, too, gather with their families and friends to say goodbyes. There are important reunions and often farewell parties. Euthanasia supporters enjoy life and love living, and their respect for the sanctity of life is as strong as anybodys. Yet they are willing, if their dying is distressing to them, to forego a few weeks or a few days at the very end and leave under their own control. KNOWLEDGE IS COMFORT What many people do not realize is that, for many people, just knowing how to kill themselves is in itself of great comfort. It gives them the assurance to fight harder and therefore often extends lives just a bit longer. Many people belive that the book, Final Exit, is the best insurance policy theyve ever taken out. Once such people know how to make a certain and dignified self-deliverance, they will often renegotiate the timing of their death. Now that we have the knowledge and the drugs, with control and choice in grasp, we can negotiate new terms with life concerning our fate. Surely, for those who want it this way, this is commendable and is in fact an extension rather than a curtailment of life. What is needed now are careful laws permitting physician-assisted suicide volu ntary on everybodys part. The new Oregon Death With Dignity Act is a beginning. .ue5ba5442081af71bc8a5b610675e5c99 , .ue5ba5442081af71bc8a5b610675e5c99 .postImageUrl , .ue5ba5442081af71bc8a5b610675e5c99 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ue5ba5442081af71bc8a5b610675e5c99 , .ue5ba5442081af71bc8a5b610675e5c99:hover , .ue5ba5442081af71bc8a5b610675e5c99:visited , .ue5ba5442081af71bc8a5b610675e5c99:active { border:0!important; } .ue5ba5442081af71bc8a5b610675e5c99 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ue5ba5442081af71bc8a5b610675e5c99 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ue5ba5442081af71bc8a5b610675e5c99:active , .ue5ba5442081af71bc8a5b610675e5c99:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ue5ba5442081af71bc8a5b610675e5c99 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ue5ba5442081af71bc8a5b610675e5c99 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ue5ba5442081af71bc8a5b610675e5c99 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ue5ba5442081af71bc8a5b610675e5c99 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ue5ba5442081af71bc8a5b610675e5c99:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ue5ba5442081af71bc8a5b610675e5c99 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ue5ba5442081af71bc8a5b610675e5c99 .ue5ba5442081af71bc8a5b610675e5c99-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ue5ba5442081af71bc8a5b610675e5c99:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Oregon Fur Trade Essay